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Implementation of Augmented Reality-Based Pop-Up Books to Enhance Elementary Students’ Understanding of Ecosystem Concepts

Unnes Science Education Journal · Vol. 14 No. 3 (2025) · pp. 535–544

DOI
10.15294/usej.v14i3.36081
ISSN
2502-6232, 2252-6617
Published
2025-12-15
Publisher
Universitas Negeri Semarang
Language
eng

Abstract

This study aims to implement and examine the effectiveness of an Augmented Reality (AR) based Pop-Up Book in enhancing elementary students’ understanding of ecosystem concepts. The research employed a One Group Pretest-Posttest Design, involving 139 fifth-grade students from five elementary schools in Surabaya City, Indonesia. The research instruments consisted of a concept comprehension test, observation sheets, and a student response questionnaire. Data were analyzed using a paired-sample t-test and the Normalized Gain (N-Gain) calculation. The findings revealed a significant improvement in students’ learning outcomes, with an average pretest score of 62 and posttest score of 89, resulting in an N-Gain of 0.70, which falls within the high category. Moreover, the classical mastery level reached 100%, and the student response rate toward the media was 98%, categorized as very positive. The AR-based Pop-Up Book proved to be effective in helping students comprehend ecosystem concepts, as it enables them to visualize interrelationships among organisms, energy flow, and biotic–abiotic components in a concrete, engaging, and interactive manner. Furthermore, this medium enhanced students’ motivation, participation, and engagement throughout the learning process. Hence, the AR-based Pop-Up Book can serve as an innovative, contextual, and effective science learning medium aligned with the characteristics of 21st century learners.

Keywords

Collaboration network of the authors

40 authors · 143 co-authorship links · showing the 40 most connected

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  • State University of Semarang
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Different organisations
  • Same organisation
  • Affiliation unknown
  • Thicker line = more joint articles · bigger circle = more articles
Show as table
Co-authorOrganisationJoint articles
Ellianawati EllianawatiState University of Semarang13
Ani RusilowatiState University of Semarang8
Tri Joko RaharjoAffiliation unknown8
Ian YuliantiAffiliation unknown7
Arief YuliantoState University of Semarang6
Putut MarwotoState University of Semarang5
Joko SutartoAffiliation unknown4
Harianingsih HarianingsihAffiliation unknown3
Pratiwi DwijanantiAffiliation unknown3
Imam SumponoAffiliation unknown3
Mintarsih ArbariniAffiliation unknown3
Partono ThomasAffiliation unknown3
Syaiful AminAffiliation unknown3
Sigit SaptonoState University of Semarang3
Sarwi SarwiAffiliation unknown3
Alvian AlvianAffiliation unknown3
Susilo SusiloAffiliation unknown3
Tri SuminarAffiliation unknown3
Supriyadi SupriyadiAffiliation unknown3
Arif WidiyatmokoState University of Semarang2
Listiyanto ListiyantoAffiliation unknown2
Fitri NurdianaAffiliation unknown2
Diah Nur FitriasariAffiliation unknown2
Rahayu PangestutiAffiliation unknown2
Wiwi IsnaeniState University of Semarang2
Moh TaoefikAffiliation unknown2
Kardoyo KardoyoAffiliation unknown2
Atno AtnoAffiliation unknown2
Agustinus Sugeng PriyantoAffiliation unknown2
Eko HandoyoAffiliation unknown2
Masrukhi MasrukhiAffiliation unknown2
Nurul Heni AstutiAffiliation unknown2
Suharto LinuwihAffiliation unknown2
Noor HudallahAffiliation unknown2
Sungkowo Edy MulyonoAffiliation unknown2
Nina OktarinaAffiliation unknown2

Affiliations come from OpenAlex; journal OAI-PMH metadata carries none. Authors without an OpenAlex ID are matched by name, which can merge or split people.

Metadata source: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/usej/oai, first harvested 6 Nov 2026, last seen 6 Nov 2026.
Original metadata (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en">Implementation of Augmented Reality-Based Pop-Up Books to Enhance Elementary Students’ Understanding of Ecosystem Concepts</dc:title>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Ibrahim , Moch Bayu </dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Pramono, Suwito Eko </dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Fakhruddin, Fakhruddin</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Subali, Bambang </dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Augmented Reality </dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Pop-Up Book </dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Elementary School</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Ecosystem</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Science Learning</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en">This study aims to implement and examine the effectiveness of an Augmented Reality (AR) based Pop-Up Book in enhancing elementary students’ understanding of ecosystem concepts. The research employed a One Group Pretest-Posttest Design, involving 139 fifth-grade students from five elementary schools in Surabaya City, Indonesia. The research instruments consisted of a concept comprehension test, observation sheets, and a student response questionnaire. Data were analyzed using a paired-sample t-test and the Normalized Gain (N-Gain) calculation. The findings revealed a significant improvement in students’ learning outcomes, with an average pretest score of 62 and posttest score of 89, resulting in an N-Gain of 0.70, which falls within the high category. Moreover, the classical mastery level reached 100%, and the student response rate toward the media was 98%, categorized as very positive. The AR-based Pop-Up Book proved to be effective in helping students comprehend ecosystem concepts, as it enables them to visualize interrelationships among organisms, energy flow, and biotic–abiotic components in a concrete, engaging, and interactive manner. Furthermore, this medium enhanced students’ motivation, participation, and engagement throughout the learning process. Hence, the AR-based Pop-Up Book can serve as an innovative, contextual, and effective science learning medium aligned with the characteristics of 21st century learners.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en">Universitas Negeri Semarang</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2025-12-15</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:type xml:lang="en">Peer-reviewed Article</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/usej/article/view/36081</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.15294/usej.v14i3.36081</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en">Unnes Science Education Journal; Vol. 14 No. 3 (2025): December 2025  ; 535-544</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2502-6232</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2252-6617</dc:source>
	<dc:source>10.15294/usej.v14i3</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/usej/article/view/36081/8000</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">Copyright (c) 2025 Unnes Science Education Journal</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>