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Molar Ratio Comparison of Ti-Zr as Catalyst Support of Bentonite in Esterification Reaction

Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis · Vol. ume (2025) · hlm. 156–165

DOI
10.9767/bcrec.20258
ISSN
1978-2993
Terbit
2025-04-30
Penerbit
Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)
Bahasa
eng
Lisensi
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0

Abstrak

Natural bentonite from Pacitan - Indonesia as a support in the preparation of Ti and Zr-pillared metal catalysts (Ti-Zr/bent) for esterification reaction were studied. The preparation of Ti-Zr/bent catalyst was prepared to find out the effect of molar ratios (Ti:Zr) where an investigation was performed in the esterification of waste cooking oil. The catalyst was varied as follows: 0.5:1 (Ti-Zr-1/bent), 1:1 (Ti-Zr-2/bent), 1.5:1 (Ti-Zr-3/bent), 2:1 (Ti-Zr-4/bent), and 5:1 (Ti-Zr-5/bent) were used to determine the yield. The reaction was carried out for 3 hours at 150°C and a pressure of 40 bar N2 gasses. The result of the Ti-Zr/bent catalyst was given increasing significantly for surface area of 133–147 m²/g compares to bentonite 27 m²/g and 10 times of acidity. The best catalyst was shown in 2:1 of ratio Ti:Zr (molar) on esterification reaction with succesfuly performed about 80.40% of yield. Copyright © 2025 by Authors, Published by BCREC Publishing Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).

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  • State University of Semarang
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Adid Adep DwiatmokoAfiliasi tidak diketahui6
Agung Tri PrasetyaState University of Semarang5
Joni PrasetyoAfiliasi tidak diketahui4
Decky AvriliandaState University of Semarang3
F. ‪Widhi MahatmantiAfiliasi tidak diketahui3
Hasanudin HasanudinAfiliasi tidak diketahui3
Muhammad Al MuttaqiiAfiliasi tidak diketahui3
Robert Ronal WidjayaAfiliasi tidak diketahui3
Harianingsih HarianingsihAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Sri HaryaniAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Kasmui KasmuiState University of Semarang2
Winarni PratjojoAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Harjito HarjitoAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Bambang Eko SusiloState University of Semarang2
Trida Ridho FarizState University of Semarang2
Sri SukaesihState University of Semarang2
Siti WahyuniAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Aditya MariantiAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Virgania SariAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Bambang SubaliAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Agus YuwonoAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Novia NoviaTadulako University2
Roni MaryanaAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Wan Ryan AsriAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Fitri HadiahAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Sigit PriatmokoState University of Semarang2
Vera Noviana SulistyawanAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Muhammad Rizky Fahrizal PutraAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Muhammad Rafi Hanairo SokmawanAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Ellianawati EllianawatiState University of Semarang1
Lutfia AgustinAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Budi AstutiAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Sungkowo SungkowoAfiliasi tidak diketahui1

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Sumber metadata: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://journal.bcrec.id/index.php/bcrec/oai, pertama di-harvest 8 Nov 2026, terakhir terlihat 8 Nov 2026.
Metadata asli (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en-US">Molar Ratio Comparison of Ti-Zr as Catalyst Support of Bentonite in Esterification Reaction</dc:title>
	<dc:creator>Firmansyah, Sanji</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Agustian, Egi</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Rinaldi, Nino</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Widiarti, Nuni</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Hanifah, Yuliza</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Maisaroh, Maisaroh</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator>Sulaswatty, Anny</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en-US">Bentonite; Esterification; Pillared clay; Sonication; Waste cooking oil</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en-US">Natural bentonite from Pacitan - Indonesia as a support in the preparation of Ti and Zr-pillared metal catalysts (Ti-Zr/bent) for esterification reaction were studied. The preparation of Ti-Zr/bent catalyst was prepared to find out the effect of molar ratios (Ti:Zr) where an investigation was performed in the esterification of waste cooking oil. The catalyst was varied as follows: 0.5:1 (Ti-Zr-1/bent), 1:1 (Ti-Zr-2/bent), 1.5:1 (Ti-Zr-3/bent), 2:1 (Ti-Zr-4/bent), and 5:1 (Ti-Zr-5/bent) were used to determine the yield. The reaction was carried out for 3 hours at 150°C and a pressure of 40 bar N2 gasses. The result of the Ti-Zr/bent catalyst was given increasing significantly for surface area of 133–147 m²/g compares to bentonite 27 m²/g and 10 times of acidity. The best catalyst was shown in 2:1 of ratio Ti:Zr (molar) on esterification reaction with succesfuly performed about 80.40% of yield. Copyright © 2025 by Authors, Published by BCREC Publishing Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en-US">Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2025-04-30</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
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	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://journal.bcrec.id/index.php/bcrec/article/view/20258</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.9767/bcrec.20258</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en-US">Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering &amp; Catalysis; 2025: BCREC Volume 20 Issue 1 Year 2025 (April 2025); 156-165</dc:source>
	<dc:source>1978-2993</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.bcrec.id/index.php/bcrec/article/view/20258/9795</dc:relation>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.bcrec.id/index.php/bcrec/article/downloadSuppFile/20258/5348</dc:relation>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.bcrec.id/index.php/bcrec/article/downloadSuppFile/20258/5349</dc:relation>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.bcrec.id/index.php/bcrec/article/downloadSuppFile/20258/5350</dc:relation>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.bcrec.id/index.php/bcrec/article/downloadSuppFile/20258/5351</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">Copyright (c) 2025 by Authors, Published by BCREC Publishing Group</dc:rights>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en-US">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0</dc:rights>
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