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Reforming Legal Frameworks for Human Capital: Digital Strategies Driving Industry 5.0 and Sustainability

Journal of Law and Legal Reform · Vol. 6 No. 3 (2025) · hlm. 1123–1174

DOI
10.15294/jllr.v6i3.22645
ISSN
2715-0968, 2715-0941
Terbit
2025-07-31
Penerbit
Faculty of Law, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Indonesia
Bahasa
eng
Lisensi
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0

Abstrak

The transition to Industry 5.0 necessitates a robust legal framework to regulate human capital investment, ensuring digital workforce development aligns with labor protections and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This study examines the regulatory structures governing human capital investment in Indonesia, the European Union, and the United States, evaluating their effectiveness in addressing digital transformation challenges, AI-driven employment governance, and workforce adaptability. A mixed-methods approach integrates legal analysis with empirical assessments of policy effectiveness, workforce investment trends, and labor market outcomes. Findings reveal significant disparities in AI workforce governance, skill accreditation, and automation labor rights. Indonesia’s fragmented legal framework hinders workforce reskilling and AI employment governance, while the European Union’s AI Act provides a structured, albeit inconsistently implemented, model for digital employment regulation. The United States, despite its technological leadership, lacks federal AI workforce policies, leading to state-level regulatory variations. The study underscores the necessity of harmonized legal frameworks to bridge workforce skill gaps, protect labor rights, and advance SDG-aligned workforce policies. Future legal reforms must prioritize AI governance, digital workforce training, and cross-border labor protections to ensure equitable workforce transitions. Strengthening public-private partnerships, standardizing AI employment regulations, and enhancing labor rights enforcement will be essential for fostering sustainable human capital investment in the industry 5.0 era. The contribution of research extends beyond theoretical frameworks, providing substantial implications for policy formulation, industry practices, educational advancements, and societal improvements.

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  • State University of Semarang
  • Villa College
  • University of Miyazaki
  • State University of Malang
  • VIA University College
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Tampilkan sebagai tabel
Rekan penulisOrganisasiArtikel bersama
Eko HandoyoState University of Semarang8
Hari Bakti MardikantoroAfiliasi tidak diketahui6
Nina OktarinaState University of Semarang5
Tommi YuniawanAfiliasi tidak diketahui3
Iwan JunaediState University of Semarang3
Walid WalidAfiliasi tidak diketahui3
Iqbal KharisudinAfiliasi tidak diketahui3
Kartono KartonoState University of Semarang2
Andi Saparuddin NurState University of Semarang2
Rochmad RochmadState University of Semarang2
Dwi ArifaState University of Semarang2
Rustono RustonoAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Hari Bakti MardikantoroAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Kartono KartonoState University of Semarang2
Ida ZulaehaAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Heriyanto HeriyantoAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Haryadi HaryadiState University of Semarang2
Scolastika MarianiState University of Semarang2
Masrukan MasrukanState University of Semarang2
Nuriana Rachmani DewiAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Rohimatul AzizahAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Arief RohmanState University of Semarang2
Muhammad KhafidState University of Semarang2
Ida ZulaehaState University of Semarang2
Agestia Putri NusantariAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Arif WidiyatmokoState University of Semarang1
Subhan SubhanState University of Semarang1
Daiki NakamuraUniversity of Miyazaki1
Muhamad TaufiqState University of Semarang1
Sudarmin SudarminState University of Semarang1
Yudhi UtomoState University of Malang1
E. JuulVIA University College1
Radini SintaState University of Semarang1
Moh. UyubState University of Semarang1

Afiliasi berasal dari OpenAlex; metadata OAI-PMH jurnal tidak memuatnya. Penulis tanpa ID OpenAlex dicocokkan berdasarkan nama, sehingga dua orang bisa tergabung atau satu orang bisa terpisah.

Sumber metadata: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/jllr/oai, pertama di-harvest 6 Nov 2026, terakhir terlihat 8 Nov 2026.
Metadata asli (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en">Reforming Legal Frameworks for Human Capital: Digital Strategies Driving Industry 5.0 and Sustainability</dc:title>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Tjokro, Gunawan</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Zaenuri, Zaenuri</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Yanto , Heri</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Rokhman, Fathur</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Rajagukguk, Abdul</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Sanni, Tajudeen</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Legal Framework</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Human Capital</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Digital Strategies</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Industry 5.0</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">SDGs</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en">The transition to Industry 5.0 necessitates a robust legal framework to regulate human capital investment, ensuring digital workforce development aligns with labor protections and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This study examines the regulatory structures governing human capital investment in Indonesia, the European Union, and the United States, evaluating their effectiveness in addressing digital transformation challenges, AI-driven employment governance, and workforce adaptability. A mixed-methods approach integrates legal analysis with empirical assessments of policy effectiveness, workforce investment trends, and labor market outcomes. Findings reveal significant disparities in AI workforce governance, skill accreditation, and automation labor rights. Indonesia’s fragmented legal framework hinders workforce reskilling and AI employment governance, while the European Union’s AI Act provides a structured, albeit inconsistently implemented, model for digital employment regulation. The United States, despite its technological leadership, lacks federal AI workforce policies, leading to state-level regulatory variations. The study underscores the necessity of harmonized legal frameworks to bridge workforce skill gaps, protect labor rights, and advance SDG-aligned workforce policies. Future legal reforms must prioritize AI governance, digital workforce training, and cross-border labor protections to ensure equitable workforce transitions. Strengthening public-private partnerships, standardizing AI employment regulations, and enhancing labor rights enforcement will be essential for fostering sustainable human capital investment in the industry 5.0 era. The contribution of research extends beyond theoretical frameworks, providing substantial implications for policy formulation, industry practices, educational advancements, and societal improvements.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en">Faculty of Law, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Indonesia</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2025-07-31</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/jllr/article/view/22645</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.15294/jllr.v6i3.22645</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en">Journal of Law and Legal Reform; Vol. 6 No. 3 (2025): July, 2025; 1123-1174</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2715-0968</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2715-0941</dc:source>
	<dc:source>10.15294/jllr.v6i3</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/jllr/article/view/22645/4830</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">Copyright (c) 2025 Gunawan Tjokro, Zaenuri Zaenuri, Heri Yanto , Fathur Rokhman, Abdul Rajagukguk, Tajudeen Sanni (Author)</dc:rights>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>