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Integrating Claim, Evidence, Reasoning into a Four-Tier Diagnostic Test to Assess Students’ Conceptual Understanding of Work and Energy

Physics Communication · Vol. 10 No. 1 (2026) · hlm. 7–16

DOI
10.15294/pc.v10i1.18527
ISSN
2528-598X, 2528-5971
Terbit
2026-02-28
Penerbit
Universitas Negeri Semarang
Bahasa
eng

Abstrak

This study reports the development and validation of a Four-Tier Diagnostic Test integrated with the Claim, Evidence, and Reasoning (CER) framework to examine senior high school students’ conceptual understanding of work and energy. Although four-tier diagnostics and CER have been widely implemented independently, limited research has combined both approaches within a unified diagnostic assessment framework. The integration is intended to capture students’ answer accuracy, confidence level, and the structure of their scientific reasoning simultaneously. Using a Research and Development design, five CER-based four-tier items were developed and administered to 100 twelfthgrade students. Content and construct validity were established through expert review, and reliability was examined using Cronbach’s Alpha. Misconceptions were analysed using the Confidence Discrimination Quotient (CDQ) and fourtier interpretation criteria. The findings indicate that misconception rates ranged from 23% to 25%, while CDQ values varied between −0.006 and 0.024, suggesting the presence of moderate conceptual uncertainty. Most items demonstrated high difficulty levels and moderate discrimination indices, indicating that work–energy concepts remain cognitively demanding. The integration of CER into the four-tier structure provided richer diagnostic information by linking correctness, reasoning quality, and confidence level. These results highlight the potential of CER-integrated diagnostic assessment in identifying nuanced misconceptions in physics learning.

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  • State University of Semarang
  • Hasanuddin University
  • Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Blitar
  • National Research and Innovation Agency
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Rekan penulisOrganisasiArtikel bersama
Ngurah Made Darma PutraState University of Semarang4
Putut MarwotoState University of Semarang4
Sudarmin SudarminAfiliasi tidak diketahui3
Ani RusilowatiState University of Semarang3
Masturi MasturiHasanuddin University3
Hartono HartonoAfiliasi tidak diketahui3
Wiyanto WiyantoState University of Semarang2
Saiful RidloState University of Semarang2
Budi AstutiAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Iwan JunaediState University of Semarang2
Bambang SubaliAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Sugianto SugiantoUniversitas Nahdlatul Ulama Blitar2
Sugiyanto SugiyantoAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Amin YusufAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Hadi SusantoNational Research and Innovation Agency2
Dwi YuliantiState University of Semarang2
Tasiwan TasiwanAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Hartono HartonoState University of Semarang1
Woro SumarniState University of Semarang1
Ully IsmayatiAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Arif WidiyatmokoState University of Semarang1
Ikwan WahyudiAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Atriyanto FahrurrohmanAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Arif WildayantoAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Riandy PratamaAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Dyah Rini IndriyantiAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Heny Yuliana AstutiAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Oktaviana Arista MayasariAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Totok Sumaryanto FlorentinusState University of Semarang1
Muhammad Jamalul HudaAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Khaerul AnwarAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Ninik SetiyawatiAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
YL SukestiyarnoAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Andi SetyoningrumAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Joko SutartoAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Herwinta Inggil RejekiAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Nurhasan Ropi'iAfiliasi tidak diketahui1

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Sumber metadata: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/pc/oai, pertama di-harvest 6 Nov 2026, terakhir terlihat 8 Nov 2026.
Metadata asli (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en">Integrating Claim, Evidence, Reasoning into a Four-Tier Diagnostic Test to Assess Students’ Conceptual Understanding of Work and Energy</dc:title>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Sakti, Muhammad Fatikhul Alam Bima </dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Nugroho, Sunyoto Eko</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Mindyarto, Budi Naini</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Four-Tier Diagnostic Test</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">CER (Claim, Evidence, Reasoning)</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Conceptual Understanding</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Misconceptions</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Work and Energy</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en">This study reports the development and validation of a Four-Tier Diagnostic Test integrated with the Claim, Evidence, and Reasoning (CER) framework to examine senior high school students’ conceptual understanding of work and energy. Although four-tier diagnostics and CER have been widely implemented independently, limited research has combined both approaches within a unified diagnostic assessment framework. The integration is intended to capture students’ answer accuracy, confidence level, and the structure of their scientific reasoning simultaneously. Using a Research and Development design, five CER-based four-tier items were developed and administered to 100 twelfthgrade students. Content and construct validity were established through expert review, and reliability was examined using Cronbach’s Alpha. Misconceptions were analysed using the Confidence Discrimination Quotient (CDQ) and fourtier interpretation criteria. The findings indicate that misconception rates ranged from 23% to 25%, while CDQ values varied between −0.006 and 0.024, suggesting the presence of moderate conceptual uncertainty. Most items demonstrated high difficulty levels and moderate discrimination indices, indicating that work–energy concepts remain cognitively demanding. The integration of CER into the four-tier structure provided richer diagnostic information by linking correctness, reasoning quality, and confidence level. These results highlight the potential of CER-integrated diagnostic assessment in identifying nuanced misconceptions in physics learning.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en">Universitas Negeri Semarang</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2026-02-28</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/pc/article/view/18527</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.15294/pc.v10i1.18527</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en">Physics Communication; Vol. 10 No. 1 (2026): February 2026; 7-16</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2528-598X</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2528-5971</dc:source>
	<dc:source>10.15294/pc.v10i1</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/pc/article/view/18527/8754</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">Copyright (c) 2026 Physics Communication</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>