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Relational Thinking Test Instrument Analysis: Transition from Arithmetic to Algebra

Unnes Journal of Mathematics Education · Vol. 14 No. 2 (2025) · hlm. 79–87

DOI
10.15294/ujme.v14i2.23360
ISSN
2460-5840, 2252-6927
Terbit
2025-08-30
Penerbit
Universitas Negeri Semarang
Bahasa
eng

Abstrak

Relational thinking, a cognitive approach bridging arithmetic thinking and algebraic thinking, has been developed by numerous researchers through mathematics learning processes to address students' difficulties in learning algebra. This study aims to develop a relational thinking test instrument for students and conduct both quantitative and qualitative analyses to measure relational thinking abilities in a valid and reliable manner. The research methodology adapts the development model proposed by Gall and Borg (2003) regarding the process of developing and validating products (test instruments), involving 64 seventh-grade students. Data analysis involved validity and reliability tests as well as analysis of students' written responses. The results indicate that the test instrument is valid (except for test item P8) and reliable, with a coefficient of α = 0.69 (high). Revisions were made to several items that were invalid or less valid based on quantitative and qualitative analysis. The revised instrument can be considered a good relational thinking test instrument, though it is recommended to support it with non-test results (such as interviews) to enhance accuracy and observe students' thinking consistency.

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  • Indonesia University of Education
  • State University of Medan
  • Riau University
  • Yogyakarta State University
  • Universitas Muhammadiyah Palembang
  • Sriwijaya University
  • Khairun University
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Rekan penulisOrganisasiArtikel bersama
Jozua SabandarIndonesia University of Education5
Didi SuryadiIndonesia University of Education4
Tatang HermanIndonesia University of Education4
Sufyani PrabawantoIndonesia University of Education3
Turmudi TurmudiIndonesia University of Education3
Darhim DarhimIndonesia University of Education3
Jarnawi Afgani DahlanIndonesia University of Education3
Dadang JuandiIndonesia University of Education3
Elah NurlaelahIndonesia University of Education2
E. Elvis NapitupuluState University of Medan1
Edy SuryaState University of Medan1
Atma MurniRiau University1
Bana Goerbana KartasamitaIndonesia University of Education1
Sugiman SugimanYogyakarta State University1
Zulkardi ZulkardiSriwijaya University1
Bonita HirzaUniversitas Muhammadiyah Palembang1
Idrus AlhaddadKhairun University1
Kurniati KurniatiIPB University1
Utari SumarmoIndonesia University of Education1
Reviandari WidyatiningtyasUniversitas Langlangbuana1
Ririn SispiyatiIndonesia University of Education1
Kin Eng ChinEdith Cowan University1
Krida Singgih KuncoroUniversity of Sarjanawiyata Tamansiswa1
Pujia Siti BalkistUniversitas Muhammadiyah Sukabumi1
Elmar Cohors-FresenborgOsnabrück University1
Dekriati AteAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Nanang PriatnaIndonesia University of Education1
HerizalAfiliasi tidak diketahui1
Muchamad Subali NotoUniversitas Swadaya Gunung Jati1
Yulyanti HarismanUniversitas Negeri Padang1
Kusnandi KusnandiIndonesia University of Education1
Iryana MuhammadIndonesia University of Education1
Faizah NurwitaIndonesia University of Education1
Amelia Defrianti PutriIndonesia University of Education1
Takuya BabaHiroshima University1
Dadan DasariIndonesia University of Education1
Risma AmeliaIndonesia University of Education1

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Sumber metadata: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/ujme/oai, pertama di-harvest 6 Nov 2026, terakhir terlihat 8 Nov 2026.
Metadata asli (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en">Relational Thinking Test Instrument Analysis: Transition from Arithmetic to Algebra</dc:title>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Andini, Meri </dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Jupri, Al </dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Kusumah, Yaya S.</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Arithmetic</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">algebraic thinking</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">relational thinking</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">test instrument</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en">Relational thinking, a cognitive approach bridging arithmetic thinking and algebraic thinking, has been developed by numerous researchers through mathematics learning processes to address students' difficulties in learning algebra. This study aims to develop a relational thinking test instrument for students and conduct both quantitative and qualitative analyses to measure relational thinking abilities in a valid and reliable manner. The research methodology adapts the development model proposed by Gall and Borg (2003) regarding the process of developing and validating products (test instruments), involving 64 seventh-grade students. Data analysis involved validity and reliability tests as well as analysis of students' written responses. The results indicate that the test instrument is valid (except for test item P8) and reliable, with a coefficient of α = 0.69 (high). Revisions were made to several items that were invalid or less valid based on quantitative and qualitative analysis. The revised instrument can be considered a good relational thinking test instrument, though it is recommended to support it with non-test results (such as interviews) to enhance accuracy and observe students' thinking consistency.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en">Universitas Negeri Semarang</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2025-08-30</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:type xml:lang="en">Peer-reviewed Article</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/ujme/article/view/23360</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.15294/ujme.v14i2.23360</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en">Unnes Journal of Mathematics Education; Vol. 14 No. 2 (2025): Reguler Issue; 79-87</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2460-5840</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2252-6927</dc:source>
	<dc:source>10.15294/ujme.v14i2</dc:source>
	<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/ujme/article/view/23360/5960</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">Copyright (c) 2025 Unnes Journal of Mathematics Education</dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>