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Reconstruction of the Guilt Concept in the 2023 Indonesian Criminal Code from a Neurolaw Perspective

JURNAL HUKUM · Vol. 42 No. 1 (2026) · hlm. 231–250

DOI
10.26532/jh.v42i1.48576
ISSN
2723-6668, 1412-2723
Terbit
2026-04-11
Penerbit
Unissula
Bahasa
en

Abstrak

This study examines the reconstruction of the guilt concept in the 2023 Indonesian Criminal Code through a neurolaw perspective. Employing doctrinal legal research with an interdisciplinary approach, it analyzes Law Number 1/2023, neurolaw publications from international journals, and recent Supreme Court decisions (2023–2025) through thematic and conceptual analysis. The findings reveal three principal issues. First, Articles 17, 35, 38, and 39 contain progressive provisions but lack neuroscientific specificity, creating interpretive gaps: undefined “ability” (Article 17), unspecified “impairment” threshold (Article 35), and exclusive reliance on traditional psychiatric categories (Articles 38 and 39). Second, analysis of court decisions reveals significant interpretive disparity in cases involving mentally disordered defendants. Neuroscientific evidence demonstrates that prefrontal cortex impairments compromise moral decision-making and impulse control, supporting a spectrum-based understanding of guilt. Third, integrating neurolaw would provide objective criteria for assessing cognitive and volitional capacity across the graded framework of Articles 38 and 39. This study is the first to systematically integrate international neurolaw literature with doctrinal analysis of the 2023 Criminal Code, offering interpretative guidance for key articles and an implementation roadmap for Indonesian criminal justice aligned with the ultimum remedium principle.

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  • State University of Semarang
  • Universitas Airlangga
  • Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Blitar
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  • Organisasi berbeda
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Rekan penulisOrganisasiArtikel bersama
Wardono WardonoAfiliasi tidak diketahui14
Masrukan MasrukanState University of Semarang8
Rochmad RochmadAfiliasi tidak diketahui7
Scolastika MarianiState University of Semarang7
Mulyono MulyonoAfiliasi tidak diketahui6
Supriyadi SupriyadiAfiliasi tidak diketahui5
Iwan JunaediState University of Semarang5
Tri Sri Noor AsihAfiliasi tidak diketahui5
Kristina WijayantiAfiliasi tidak diketahui4
Isnarto IsnartoAfiliasi tidak diketahui4
Endang SusilaningsihState University of Semarang4
Ani RusilowatiState University of Semarang3
Zaenuri ZaenuriState University of Semarang3
Dwijanto DwijantoAfiliasi tidak diketahui3
Zaenuri MasturAfiliasi tidak diketahui3
Isti HidayahAfiliasi tidak diketahui3
Walid WalidState University of Semarang3
Budi WaluyaAfiliasi tidak diketahui3
Ami AriyaniAfiliasi tidak diketahui3
Rahayu Budhiati VeronicaAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Saiful RidloState University of Semarang2
Rani HendrianaAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Angkasa AngkasaAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Filep WamafmaAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Ogiandhafiz JuandaAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Sugianto SugiantoUniversitas Nahdlatul Ulama Blitar2
Mohammad AsikinAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Suhito SuhitoAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Stevanus Budi WaluyaAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Endang Retno WinartiAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Prihatina HikmasariAfiliasi tidak diketahui2
Safira Aprillia NarumiAfiliasi tidak diketahui2

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Sumber metadata: OAI-PMH (metadata jurnal) http://jurnal.unissula.ac.id/index.php/jurnalhukum/oai, pertama di-harvest 9 Nov 2026, terakhir terlihat 9 Nov 2026.
Metadata asli (oai_dc) 
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	<dc:title xml:lang="en">Reconstruction of the Guilt Concept in the 2023 Indonesian Criminal Code from a Neurolaw Perspective</dc:title>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Kartono, Kartono</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Warnasouda, Sophan Y.</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Lagustiani, Sri Humana</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Koesoemo, Soeryaniati</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Hastuti, Sri</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Alwahdy, J. Aminullah</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Sosiawan, Ulang Mangun</dc:creator>
	<dc:creator xml:lang="en">Nunna, Bhanu Prakash</dc:creator>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Criminal Guilt</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Criminal Responsibility</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Forensic Neuroscience</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Indonesian Criminal Code</dc:subject>
	<dc:subject xml:lang="en">Neurolaw.</dc:subject>
	<dc:description xml:lang="en">This study examines the reconstruction of the guilt concept in the 2023 Indonesian Criminal Code through a neurolaw perspective. Employing doctrinal legal research with an interdisciplinary approach, it analyzes Law Number 1/2023, neurolaw publications from international journals, and recent Supreme Court decisions (2023–2025) through thematic and conceptual analysis. The findings reveal three principal issues. First, Articles 17, 35, 38, and 39 contain progressive provisions but lack neuroscientific specificity, creating interpretive gaps: undefined “ability” (Article 17), unspecified “impairment” threshold (Article 35), and exclusive reliance on traditional psychiatric categories (Articles 38 and 39). Second, analysis of court decisions reveals significant interpretive disparity in cases involving mentally disordered defendants. Neuroscientific evidence demonstrates that prefrontal cortex impairments compromise moral decision-making and impulse control, supporting a spectrum-based understanding of guilt. Third, integrating neurolaw would provide objective criteria for assessing cognitive and volitional capacity across the graded framework of Articles 38 and 39. This study is the first to systematically integrate international neurolaw literature with doctrinal analysis of the 2023 Criminal Code, offering interpretative guidance for key articles and an implementation roadmap for Indonesian criminal justice aligned with the ultimum remedium principle.</dc:description>
	<dc:publisher xml:lang="en">Unissula</dc:publisher>
	<dc:date>2026-04-11</dc:date>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
	<dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
	<dc:type xml:lang="en">Peer-reviewed Article</dc:type>
	<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
	<dc:identifier>https://jurnal.unissula.ac.id/index.php/jurnalhukum/article/view/48576</dc:identifier>
	<dc:identifier>10.26532/jh.v42i1.48576</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source xml:lang="en">Jurnal Hukum; Vol. 42 No. 1 (2026): Jurnal Hukum; 231-250</dc:source>
	<dc:source xml:lang="id">Jurnal Hukum; Vol 42 No 1 (2026): Jurnal Hukum; 231-250</dc:source>
	<dc:source>2723-6668</dc:source>
	<dc:source>1412-2723</dc:source>
	<dc:source>10.26532/jh.v42i1</dc:source>
	<dc:language>en</dc:language>
	<dc:relation>https://jurnal.unissula.ac.id/index.php/jurnalhukum/article/view/48576/15865</dc:relation>
	<dc:rights xml:lang="en">Copyright (c) 2026 Kartono Kartono, Sophan Y Warnasouda, Sri Hastuti, Sri Humana Lagustiani, Soeryaniati Koesoemo, J. Aminullah Alwahdy, Ulang Mangun Sosiawan Mangun Sosiawan</dc:rights>
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